that which

This means “what” or “the thing that”

· You cannot change that which has already happened.

You cannot change what has already happened.

· The politicians are focused on that which is most important for helping the economy.

The politicians are focused on what is most important for the economy.

· The earthquake destroyed that which was most special about the city – its oldest buildings.

The earthquake destroyed what was most special about the city – its oldest buildings.

those who / he who / she who

Similar to “that which,” but used when talking about people rather than things.

· The intended audience for the artist’s paintings is those who appreciate vibrant colors.

The intended audience for the artist’s paintings is whoever appreciates vibrant colors.

· Those who would sacrifice freedom for security deserve neither.

Anyone who would sacrifice freedom for security deserves neither.

· We need to prevent those who drop out of school from becoming criminals.

We need to prevent people who drop out of school from becoming criminals.

Rewrite these sentences using “that which”

1. Did you understand what the teacher was talking about?

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2. What is expensive is not necessarily of higher quality.

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3. You should only take what you personally need, and nothing more.

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4. Inattention to details is what annoys my boss the most.

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Now, rewrite the following sentences using “those who” (or “he who” or “she who”):

1. Whoever votes for the war should have to go fight.

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2. My favorite teachers were the ones who encouraged discussions.

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3. I never believe anyone who doesn’t look me in the eye.

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4. Are people who steal out of desperation guilty of a crime?

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